Tombuctú

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...

¿Cuándo surgió la civilización en la India? ¿Cuándo apareció en Australia o en España? El origen de las primeras civilizaciones, como la egipcia, es ampliamente conocido, se incluye en todos los manuales y obras de divulgación histórica. Pero pocos escolares, lectores e incluso profesionales sabrían indicar con precisión en qué momento se urbanizaron áreas como el Sudeste Asiático, Japón o incluso su entorno más cercano, ni qué procesos globales y compartidos participaron en este fenómeno clave y decisivo. El presente ensayo habla sobre la aparición y difusión de las...

The abolition of judicial torture—alongside the eradication of both slavery and capital punishment—was one of the most consequential issues debated in eighteenth-century continental Europe. A revealing component of this controversial debate was presented in the unpublished "Discurso sobre la injusticia del apremio judicial," written by the attorney Pedro Garcia del Canuelo. Seeking support for its publication, he forwarded the manuscript to Prime Minister Manuel Godoy in 1795. The savvy Spanish politician, however, not only rejected the text but also warned its author against further...

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute...